Sunday, July 19, 2020
3 Ways to Bring On a Silent Partner
3 Ways to Bring On a Silent Partner The growth of a business depends upon many factors, the most important of which is the budget. You need a substantial amount of money to ensure constant growth and subsequently retain it.It is often quite a cumbersome task to find additional capital for your enterprise. You can resolve this problem by bringing more investors to your business. What kind of investor you would like to take help from?There are âtraditional investorsâ who lend you money in return for an agreed profit.But, they also actively participate in routine business activities.Therefore, you may prefer signing a partnership contract with a âsilent partner.âAs the name suggests, this type of investor literally keeps quite. He does not bother spending time with the business owners or helping them run their business, as long as he is getting the profit.People often hesitate to invest in a business because of the associated risks.You never know what is going to happen next. You can win a jackpot if the business meets with massive success.Or, you could lose millions if it is a total failure.More importantly, why would anybody invest in your business when he has no control over business operations.Needless to say, it is a very difficult task to find a silent partner.The person who somehow agrees to become a silent partner deserves special treatment and extra profit.However, the silent partnership can be a very rewarding business deal. It can offer you a greater profit than stocks, bonds, and mutual funds.People, in fact, have started to realize the true potential of investing silently in a business.You may decide against borrowing money from a silent partner, considering the significant amount of money you have to pay him in return.However, you will not have to face problems associated with regular investors in the case of a silent partner.First of all, you will get the money you need. Secondly, you will be fully in control of your business and answerable to nobody. Thirdly, there will be no unnecessary interference from anyone and you will be free to make decisions as you see fit.WHO IS A SILENT PARTNER?A silent partner is an investor who contents on receiving the fixed profit. He does not usually participate in the executive board or investors meetings. He has no role to play in the daily operations of the business.In simple words, the silent partner literally remains silent and does not actively become a part of the companyâs management team.He is also only liable for the money he has provided to the business and nothing more.Therefore, such a partner is also referred to as a limited partner. You can always consult a limited partner and seek help whenever necessary. He cannot provide any type of support otherwise solicited.The guidance and support can include acting as an arbitrator in the case of any conflict between the main business partners and providing crucial business contacts to develop the business.Limited partners never come to the forefront and always w ork quietly. They are expected to accept the decisions of the general partners and cede any type of control if they have any.Similarly, they should also have full confidence in the general partners ability to successfully control and grow the enterprise.It is also their responsibility to determine if all the partners have had compatible corporate vision and management style.LiabilitiesSilent partners are mostly liable for two things.The first one is any monetary loss which equals their invested sum of money. Secondly, they are also liable for any role or responsibility they might have assumed during the process of launching a business.Both these things make limited partnership one of the most favorable and profitable types of investment.You literally have to do nothing. You are not liable for anything either, but you still have a sizable stake in a growing business.The Secret Partners?The identity of a silent partner is well and truly known to people both inside and outside the orga nization despite the fact that they donât have any active role in business undertakings.On the contrary, no one knows the identity of a secret investor or partner. As a result, he can participate in business operations while maintaining full anonymity. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SILENT PARTNER AND THE INVESTORNow it is time to explain the difference between a silent partner and a traditional investor in detail. There are in fact a number of things which distinguish a silent partner from all other types of investors.These factors may include things like his role in the operations, relation with the business owners, the level of feedback he is entitled to give and the rate of profit.The following lines elaborate all these points one by one. Silent Partner Has No Role to Play in Business OperationsThe general investor fully participates directly in business operations while the silent one does not. This is also the biggest difference between these two types of investors.The general i nvestor has a greater role to play in routine business matters and decisions in addition to investing money. A silent partner will only invest money in the business.He has nothing else to do. He normally does not concern himself with what is going on in the company he has invested in.It is better for you to look for a traditional investor if you want constant advice and guidance in addition to extra capital.On the other hand, a silent partner is a better choice if you are already running a successful business, but need more cash to sustain growth.No FeedbackTraditional investors expect you to consult them whenever you have any problem. Similarly, they are always willing to lend their support.In complete contrast, the silent partner relies on the decisions and management of the existing partners. They minimize their feedback and give no input regarding how to manage the enterprise.Once again, you should bring a quiet partner if your only goal is acquiring more money for the business, without any extra feedback.Active investors are a good bet if you want both the money as well as active feedback and advice to attain your next business goal.Main Difference is TrustWhy would anybody give you a large sum of money without having any say in business decisions?This will only happen when both of you know and trust each other.Maybe you already had a great experience working with each other. Maybe he is your intimate friend.You can also attract more investors to your business if you have recently completed a successful project.You develop a less formal relationship with a limited partner because you have greater trust in each other.It will be easier and less frustrating for you to build a company if you manage to find a silent partner right in the beginning.However, it is easier said than done. While you can find âactiveâ partners without much trouble, it is a challenging task to find a silent one.Both are InvestorsDespite a lot of difference between them, a true sil ent partner is always an investor. He only wants higher profits compared to traditional investors due to the nature of the partnership.For instance, a person has to invest a huge amount of money for this type of partnership agreement to work.Therefore, it is relatively easier to find traditional partners in the current business environment.An Active Investor Has Greater LiabilityActive investors are fully involved in the day to day business affairs and therefore, they have a greater liability than their silent counterparts.You may consult silent partners for direction and advice from time to time, but they mostly remain out of the picture.As a result, they are not liable for anything happening inside your company. However, they can agree on a limited-liability partnership.In this case, they will be protected from all kinds of lawsuits in spite of having a greater influence on the business than the active partners.Traditional Investors are More HelpfulTraditional investors provide yo u with valuable advice, guidance, and counsel whenever you have a problem at hand or you want to make a plan for your next move.Some investors also leverage their own relations and influence in the market to help your business grow and prosper.In some cases, they pitch in and start working as a full member of your management team. Unfortunately, you cannot receive such type of support from a limited partner.Specify Roles in the AgreementYou must specify the roles of all types of business investors in the agreement. For instance, you can offer a greater role in the organization to active investors.The equity structure or the agreement should clearly mention what role you want your partners to play. Do you just need their money or you also need their advice, influence, and contacts?Different Rates of ProfitIt is always a risk to invest in a business, especially when you cannot contribute to business operations and decisions.It is obvious that a limited investor wants a considerably hi gher return on his investment because he takes this risk.On the contrary, a general investor relies on your abilities to generate profit for him after he lends you the money.Silent Investors are not Readily AvailableIt is very difficult to find silent partners, to say the least.They do not exist in the real world unless you can find one within your family, friends or close contacts.Family members, especially your parents and siblings will continue to love you even if you recklessly waste their money.However, it also varies from family to family. While extravagant use of money does not bother some families, others are more penny-pinching and hold you accountable for every penny you spend.Furthermore, you live in a fools paradise to think that the silent partners will remain silent. They constantly speak and they have every right to do so.After all, it is their money you are squandering. Therefore, you need to spend the money wisely in order to avoid any conflict with your partners.HO W TO FIND A SILENT INVESTOR?How do you convince someone to invest money in your business without having any control over it?There are only 3 ways to bring a partner without having to face legal problems as well as securities and exchange registration issues of your respective country.The following is a detailed explanation of each of these methods.1. Make Him a True Business PartnerAlmost all the experts recommend signing a true investor agreement with a limited partner. This type of agreement offers many benefits, including no interference from the SEC.Similarly, your business partner will have the right to receive profit from you. You can also keep a lot of legal issues at bay.Most importantly, you will have an experienced partner at your disposal in case you need any help and advice.There is one major drawback of bringing money partners as general investors. They will exercise greater control over your business.They will also contribute to business decisions and voting.You also c annot treat them as a true silent partner. In fact, you should never utter this word in front of them less you want to face their wrath.You can achieve one objective by treating them as active investors. They cannot complain about anything if something ever goes wrong.For instance, when you constantly inform them about every business matter and make them a part of the decision-making process, they become equally liable and responsible for any business failure.This type of agreement has another minor drawback. Since money partners are actively participating in business matters, you have to legitimately address their concerns as well.The initial agreement of the partnership should clearly state that they are only business partners. They have actual ownership of the business. You are not taking any loan, nor there is any interest rate.2. Agree on a Fixed Rate of ReturnThe Lenders agreement can be extremely beneficial for both parties. Lenders are less likely to lose money if you agree on a fixed profit in the contract.Similarly, you do not have to follow their instructions and advice, address their concerns and redress their grievances if you bring them as a lender only.The lenders agreement is the ideal choice if you do not want to get into any legal trouble, but also need a limited partner for your business.But, they must agree on a fixed rate of return without raising any hue and cry.If there is no legal way for a lender to earn profit from your business, he can register a claim with the SEC, the very issue you wanted to avoid in the first place if you somehow lose his money.You can unintentionally transform limited partners to active business partners as well.In this case, they will share full responsibility and liability in addition to taking an active part in routine business affairs.However, your creditors can contact them directly to retrieve their money if they get the wind of your partnership.It is always imperative to write a solid promissory note befo re engaging yourself in any such partnership.The promissory note should always contain the following terms.Clearly mention the party lending the money and the party responsible to pay it back.The total amount of money loaned and the interest rate.When and how you are paying the loan back?Is there any penalty for repaying the loan before time?The penalty or consequences if the second party defaults or struggles to pay the loan back.3. Documenting an Investor Deal with the Securities and Exchange CommissionSigning a lender agreement is one of the best options if you only want to receive financial help from someone.However, many investors ask much more than just a fixed rate of return.They hate indulging in hectic business activities, yet they want to share the profits.In simple words, they demand an equity position in the business. If you come across any such money lender, it is imperative for you to document a proper investment deal with the SEC.If you are going to sign an investor d eal with any party or person, you need to take care of the following things.Always hire an experienced security attorney who knows all the ins and outs of the process.A highly qualified security attorney with years of professional experience will help you choose the best possible investment option for your business as well.It is also important for you to file a Form D with the Securities and Exchange Commission. A securities attorney will be a great help in this regard. You also have to file Form D in every state you want to sell the securities.Also, make sure that you fill and satisfy all the rules and regulations as well as their clauses and sub-clauses. It is literally impossible for a business owner to fully understand the process on his own.Therefore, you should never take this path without the assistance of an attorney who has all the knowledge and experience of this intricate process. CONCLUSIONAgainst common perception, it is never easy to have a silent partner for your busi ness. You have to meet so many conditions and satisfy so many rules.Hiring an experienced attorney will also cost you a lot of money. In fact, you have to at least spend $15000 to $20000 before you can get any money from a limited partner.Keeping all the above factors in mind, you have to decide whether or not you really need a silent partner for your business.You can go ahead and reach an agreement with a silent partner if you can afford to spend $20000 in terms of attorneys salary and initial filings.If not, it is better to bring on a conventional partner to your business.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
The Romantic Period Of William Wordsworth, Nathaniel...
Title *In the interest of your time, I strayed away from repeating the story of the works and jumped strain into analysis The Romantic Period, an era described as an expression of emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, spontaneity in both art and personal life, enchantment of poetry, and the embracing of the unknown. It is perhaps the rebellious condition of man to accept such liberal ideals in contrast to the conservative threshold of the Catholic Church. The response to the enlightenment era of logic and reason was cried from the footprints of historical sands. Notable figures stand out that are leaders at the forefront of this epic social battle such as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Blake, John Clare, Walter Scott, Mary Shelley, Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allen Poe. The passive approach of writing allows the Romantic literature produced to transcend throughout history and influence the l ikes of philosophers, poetics, social activists, and other prominent figures of the modern age. These individuals used the mighty pen to attack the average and affected the hearts and minds of millions. This is a great alternate to shape the world in their image as opposed to immoral means, such as genocide. Some notable works which is analyzed and inferred to for historical context is Poeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Fall of the House of Usherâ⬠, Irvingââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, and Hawthorneââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"TheShow MoreRelatedThe Romantic Period Of John Dickens, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allen Poe1340 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Romantic Period, an era described as an expression of emotional liveliness, unrestrained imagination, impulse in both art and personal life, enchantment of poetry, and the embracing of the unknown . It is perhaps the rebellious condition of man to accept such liberal ideals in contrast to the conservative threshold of the Catholic Church. The response to the enlightenment era of logic and reason was cried from the footprints of historical sands. Notable figures that stood out as leaders of thisRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne: Literature of Consience Essay2942 Words à |à 12 PagesNathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s works established him as one of the most unique authors of the 19th century. With works such as The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne not only entertained his audience, he made them look at their own life and compare it to 17th century Puritan New England. He also brought readers to the realization of how harsh and difficult the period of American History was. Hawthorneââ¬â¢s unique style of writing and his ability to probe deep into the human conscience made him one of Early Americaââ¬â¢s
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Essay about The Top Three Events of the 1960s - 1330 Words
What three events best represent the 1960ââ¬â¢s and why? I believe that the Vietnam War (1954-1975) was one of the most important events in the 1960ââ¬â¢s because it was a highly controversial and covered heavily by media. Vietnam was the first war to be videotaped by reporters for the public to see on a daily bases. Before this everything was filmed by the government and edited to show how great of a job we were doing but in Vietnam reporters didnââ¬â¢t have that kind of restriction on their filming. Some reporters would go to the front lines and give the American public a look into the horrors of the war. This negative press that the war got, usually portrayed the American soldier in Vietnam as a blood thirsty savage, that would shoot at anythingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These were not the only big things happening at the time. Outside of the convention hall protestors were having demonstrations and peaceful protests about the war in Vietnam and other issues going on. Mayor of Chicago Richard Daley sent police officers to stop the protestors and keep the city in order but the police did more than they needed to by beating helpless protestors and taking countless protestors to jail for no apparent charges. All of this was on the news for the whole world to see and shocked many of the viewers on the chaos in Chicago. In the end the Democratic Party had been torn apart from some of the different views that they had, which would cost them the election that fall. Lastly the Moon Landing was a huge achievement that ended a decade of new ideas and the space race between USSR and the US. On July 20th, 1969 the United States successfully sent three astronauts into space and had two astronauts Edwin ââ¬Å"BUZZâ⬠Aldrin and Neil Armstrong actually walked on and placed the American flag on the moon while also collecting moon rocks for scientific research. This accomplishment probably never would have happened if it wasnââ¬â¢t for President John F. Kennedy who gave his man on the moon speech after the USSR successfully sent a satellite into space known as Sputnik. JFK challenges the American people to learn how to do math and science at advanced level to catch up to the Russians. He then states in his speech ââ¬Å"We choose toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Woodstock1677 Words à |à 7 Pageswas the largest counterculture event ever staged, attracting some 500,000 people and featuring many of the countryââ¬â¢s top acts. Two decades later, Woodstock has come to mean more than just ââ¬Å"three days of fun and musicâ⬠; it symbolizes a time of community, exuberance, and intensity since lost. Woodstock festival gave power to the youth, united people of all ages, races, and sexes, and defined a generation, making it one of the most important musical events of all time. In order toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Forrest Gump 1220 Words à |à 5 Pagesability to run faster than most college players. 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Key Points for Seven Intelligences Article Free Essays
There are five intelligences that a human being may possess.à These are musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial interpersonal, intrapersonal.à Each intelligence is not affected by the damage of the other intelligences but each intelligence, more often than not, need other intelligences to work or be effective. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Points for Seven Intelligences Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each intelligence is present when the brain is fully healthy but there are exceptions to this such as when an autistic person can play beautiful music. Brain damage causes ineffective intelligences, therefore causing sickness or disease such as Alzheimerââ¬â¢s. Intelligence usually manifests at first exposure to it and is recognized even before formal or advanced training. The existence of intelligence is biologically and scientifically proven to be linked to the function of the brain and does not exist as some unexplained phenomenon. How to cite Key Points for Seven Intelligences Article, Essay examples
Sunday, April 26, 2020
The United States Housing Bubble
The housing bubble of 2000s remains one of the greatest economic challenges ever faced by the US. The housing bubble defines an economic bubble in which there was a remarked increase in housing prices in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Statesââ¬â¢ Housing Bubble specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The price escalation was fueled by increased demand and speculation. Increase in demand for houses against the limited supply in the housing market marked an onset of the housing bubble. With such a situation, speculators got into the housing market with a view to making profits through buying and selling of houses in the short-term. The entry of such speculators increased the demand further. With time, the demand decreased while the supply increased. This led to a significant drop in housing prices leading to the bursting of the bubble. The bursting of the housing bubble led to serious eco nomic repercussions on the economic front (Roberts, 57). The housing bubble can largely be attributed to financial activities and monetary policies. The housing prices in the United States escalated due to increased demand and reached an all time high in early 2006. From 2007, the prices started to decline tremendously. In particular, the Case Shriller Home Price Index, in 2008, recorded the biggest price drop in its history. The bursting of the bubble had much effect on the home valuations, mortgage markets and real property markets. While a lot of factors contributed to the housing bubble, financial activities and monetary policies played crucial roles in causing the bubble (Trass, 42). Traditionally, the Glass-Steagall Act played an imperative role in regulation of the financial sector. This act strictly regulated the lending activities of the commercial banks. It limited the banksââ¬â¢ lending activities and interest loans. However, from 1980s, significant changes occurred in the banking sector that set the stage for housing bubble. The banks were deregulated through several Acts. Most notable Acts are the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 and the Garn-ST. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982, which permitted banks to set any interest rate on their loans. These Acts also allowed for adjustable rate mortgages in the economy. In addition, these Acts allowed developers easy access to credit. The availability of credit increased peopleââ¬â¢s demand for houses. Similarly, the power of the developers to erect more houses to meet the heightened demand increased. This contributed to the housing bubble crisis. The deregulation brought about by the financial Acts enabled the banks to present risky products to the people. By enabling the banks to adjust their lending rates and interest rates, it was easy for the house bubble to set in. the security markets were equally to blame for the housing bubble.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics ? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Federal Reserve rapidly lowered the loan interest rates in response to the precedent dotcom bubble. The historically low interest rates made credit access much easier than before. The lowering of interest rates increased supply that served to cause a further drop in prices of houses in most states. The intense competition between the mortgage lenders pushed them to loosen their lending conditions. Subprime lending intensified due to the easy credit access conditions. Prior to 2003, subprime mortgage lending remained below 10%. However, this doubled to 20% by 2006 during the peak of the bubble. This led to an increase in demand for houses causing an increase in prices of houses, hence the onset of the bubble. The effects of the United States housing bubble on various aspects of the economy cannot be understated. The sharp drop in housing prices increased the rate of loan defaulting significantly . This was down to the increased subprime lending. The fall in housing prices made it difficult for subprime lenders to refinance their loans. Prior to the bubble, there was a massive inflow of foreign capital into the US economy from other world economies. This foreign money inflow plus the low interest conditions, increased credit availability and access in the United States. The decline in housing prices plunged global financial institutions into crises as they witnessed heavy losses. This affected virtually all aspects of global trade for established economies (Trass, 71). The lending potential of financial institutions declined and the governments engaged in extra financial commitments in their bid to bail out the fundamental institutions. This has limited the money available for investment in opportunities globally. In addition, the volume of global trade will decline tremendously since the industrialized countries will tend to reduce their demand for imports from other econom ies. The business cycle has not been spared either of the eminent effects of the housing bubble. The housing bubble led to a slowdown in the economy. With the United States constituting nearly one third of the worldââ¬â¢s GDP, the worldââ¬â¢s business cycle will undoubtedly be affected. The housing bubble has profoundly affected the countryââ¬â¢s demand for exports from other countries thereby affecting the world business cycle (Cline, 112). The economic slowdown due to the housing bubble, also impacts on the workersââ¬â¢ wages. Workersââ¬â¢ wages are much likely to stagnate for long periods especially during this recovery period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Statesââ¬â¢ Housing Bubble specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The housing bubble did not only affect the US economy but it had unpleasant effects on economies afar, as well. The distant places such as California, Wall Street an d Europe were all connected through the cash inflows. With the increasing prices, investors from varied ends were investing in the US housing markets from Europe and even the fast growing Asian economies. Works Cited Cline, William. Financial Globalization, Economic Growth, and the Crisis of 2007. New York: Peterson Institute, 2010. Print. Roberts, Lawrence. The Great Housing Bubble. California: Monterey Cypress LLC, 2008. Print. Trass, Kieran. The Housing Bubble: The Real Estate Cycle- Why You Can Grow Rich in Slumps as Well as Booms. Auckland: Penguin Group, 2009. Print. This essay on The United Statesââ¬â¢ Housing Bubble was written and submitted by user Jair H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Voltaireââ¬â¢s Candide Essays
Voltaireââ¬â¢s Candide Essays Voltaireââ¬â¢s Candide Essay Voltaireââ¬â¢s Candide Essay Essay Topic: Candide Voltaire opens chapter three of Candide with our hero amidst a battle between the Aberes and the Bulgarians. The imagery depicted by the author speaks of cannons, gunfire, death of soldiers accompanied by martial drum rolls and trumpets. The two armies are both rejoicing the ââ¬Å"heroic debaucheryâ⬠and singing a song of thanksgiving. The protagonist finds himself not wanting to do anything with the whole affair and decided to escape while everyone else was preoccupied, so that he could just resolve to try to figure out the ââ¬Å"cause and effects.â⬠After encountering several dead and dismembered bodies he was able to reach a near by Abarian village, and was able to see the carnage left behind by the Bulgarian army. The wittiness of Voltaire appears once more when he says that such massacre is in accordance with international law. As such it criticizes the political justifications of war during his time that warrants the destruction and death of people their community simply because itââ¬â¢s consequential to a legitimized warfare. He hastily tries to leave this bloody scene and moves forward to another village, one which belongs to the Bulgarians. Unfortunately, he sees the same sort of tragedy; now brought about by the Aberians. He flees to Holland, where he initially felt optimistic in learning that the said country was inhabited by wealthy Christians. He was disillusioned the moment started to ask people for charity. The locals denied helping him even threatening to place him in a correctional where he would learn how to earn a living. He then opted to approach a sort of catholic orator who asked him whether or not he believed that the pope was an antichrist. Candide answered honestly that he had no idea who the pope was but nonetheless he only wants a piece of bread. The man curses Candide for this, while the wife who overheard the conversation dumped a pot full of feces over our hero. Candide was able to find momentary relief from his misfortunes when he meets an Anabaptist named James. The latter pitied our protagonist. James takes Candide home, feeds him, allows him to bathe, and gives him a Job. As a result Candide was able to redeem his beliefs of the teachings of his Master Pangloss. Everything works towards the greatest good, this world is the best of all possible worlds and all has sufficient reason for occurring. The era when Voltaire wrote his novella was marked with wars among states, the battles between the Bulgarians and Abares is said to be based on the seven years war occurring at the time he wrote the book.à We are able to see the anti-war sentiment the author had, as well find reason in his criticism against the laws that warrants an event that would result to nothing more but devastation on both sides of the field. We could see the irony of the two kings making their camp sing to the glory of god, and the terming of soldiers as heroes despite the fact that the latter are to certain extent murderers, rapists, and pillagers. It indeed reflects the world then governed supposedly by law and the divine, only to result to injustice and evil. The religion, Catholicism which at that time was becoming more and more powerful did not escape the satire pen of Voltaire. He pointed out the flaws of the said institutions and its believers. We could see the hypocrisy of those who claimed to be followers of the Catholic Church. This brings into question the validity of the said faithful in upholding the teachings of Jesus Christ regarding charity, love, and mercy. Historians may not be too pleased with the factuality of Voltaireââ¬â¢s account of the details regarding War. Voltaire was able to portray in Chapter three his sentiments and criticisms regarding the powers (war and religion) that existed during his time. It is the case that the story reveals the truth of the values upheld at the period the novel was written. References: Voltaire (1984). Candide. (Lowell Bair, Trans.). New York: Bantam Classics.
Monday, March 2, 2020
An Overview and History of the Compass
An Overview and History of the Compass The compass is an instrument used for navigation; it generally has a magnetic needle that points toward the earths magnetic North Pole. The magnetic compass has been in existence for nearly a thousand years and is the most common type of compass. The gyroscopic compass is far less common than a magnetic compass. The Magnetic Compass In order to adjust a magnetic compass to due or true north and toward the geographic North Pole, one must know the amount of magnetic declination or variation that exists in a specific region. There are online maps and calculators available that provide the difference in declination between true north and magnetic north for every point on the globe. By adjusting ones magnetic compass based on the local magnetic declination, it is possible to ensure that ones directions are accurate. The Gyroscopic Compass The History of the Compass Compasses were originally developed when lodestones, a mineral that has naturally magnetized iron ore, were suspended above a board with the ability to pivot and turn. It was discovered that the stones would always point in the same direction, and align themselves with the north/south axis of the earth. The Compass Rose The 32 points were originally drawn to indicate winds and were used by sailors in navigation. The 32 points represented the eight major winds, the eight half-winds, and the 16 quarter-winds. All 32 points, their degrees, and their names can be found online. On early compass roses, the eight major winds can be seen with a letter initial above the line marking its name, as we do with N (north), E (east), S (south), and W (west) today. Later compass roses, around the time of Portuguese exploration and Christopher Columbus, show a fleur-de-lys replacing the initial letter T (for tramontana, the name of the north wind) that marked north, and a cross replacing the initial letter L (for levante) that marked east, showing the direction of the Holy Land. We still commonly see the fleur-de-lys and cross symbols on compass roses today, if not just the simple letter initials for the cardinal directions. Every cartographer designs a compass rose a little differently, using different colors, graphics, and even symbols. Multiple colors are often used simply as a means of easily distinguishing the many points and lines on a compass rose. 360 Degrees Uses of the Compass Most people use a compass casually, for instance with hiking or camping. In those situations, basic compasses like the thumb compass or other orienteering compasses that are clear and can be read over a map are suitable. Many casual uses where travel is over a short distance require basic markings for cardinal directions and a basic level of understanding compasses. For more advanced navigation, where large distances are covered and a slight variation of degrees would offset your course, a deeper understanding of compass reading is required. Understanding declination, the angle between true north and magnetic north, the 360 degree markings on the compass face, and your course-of-direction arrow combined with individual compass instructions requires more advanced study. For simple, easy-to-understand, beginners instructions on how to read a compass, visit compassdude.com.
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